Fast food menus are tricky when you’re watching your weight or your health. Finding a healthy, well-balanced meal in most fast food restaurants is a challenge. But there are always healthier options hidden among the diet disasters. You just need to know where to look and how to order.
Can fast food really be healthy?
The truth is that it’s extremely difficult to follow a healthy diet when you’re eating regularly at fast food restaurants. Fast food restaurants typically use the cheapest ingredients possible in order to keep costs down. That means that foods that otherwise could be considered healthy may not be when ordered from a fast food chain. For example, cheese can be a good source of protein and calcium, but the cheese topping your burger or covering your pizza is most likely heavily processed, made from non-dairy ingredients. The same goes for meat, chicken, and eggs. Fast food is also typically high in trans fat, unhealthy saturated fat, hidden sugar, sodium, and calories. At the same time, it tends to be low in nutrients and almost totally lacking in fruits, vegetables, and fiber.That doesn’t mean you have to avoid fast food entirely. It’s OK to indulge a craving every once in a while, but to stay healthy you can’t make it a regular habit; consuming fast food regularly will almost certainly have a negative affect your health. The key is moderation—both in how often you frequent fast food chains and what you order once you’re there. There are always choices you can make that are healthier than others. The following tips and menu recommendations can help you stay on track. Just remember that even the healthiest fast food options often have nutritional drawbacks so try to keep fast food to the occasional treat.
- Aim to keep your entire meal to 500 calories or less. The average adult eats 836 calories per fast food meal—and underestimates what they ate by 175 calories. So don’t guess! Most chains post nutritional info both on their websites and at the franchise location. Take advantage of this information.
- Opt for foods that are lower in fat and higher in protein and fiber. Look for items with more good stuff, like fiber, whole grains, and high-quality protein. Also aim for options that are relatively low in saturated fats—while not all saturated fats are bad for you, most of those found in fast food restaurants are.
- Steer clear of trans fats. Small amounts of naturally-occurring trans fats can be found in meat and dairy products but it’s the artificial trans fats used to keep food fresh that are dangerous to your health. Avoid anything containing “partially hydrogenated” oil—even if it claims to be trans fat-free—or any foods that have been deep fried. While no amount of artificial trans fat is considered safe, the USDA recommends at least limiting trans fat to no more than 2 grams per day.
- Keep an eye on sodium intake. The American Heart Association recommends that adults stay under 1500 mg of sodium per day, and never take in more than 2,300 mg a day. That can be tough to do when eating fasting food—a burger and fries can easily exceed your daily limit.
- Bring your own add-on items if you really want a health boost. Even when you order wisely, it can be pretty tough to get enough fiber and other important vitamins and nutrients from a fast food menu. If you plan ahead, you can bring healthy sides and toppings like dried fruit, nuts and seeds, carrot sticks, apple or pear slices, and cottage cheese or yogurt.
Beware of added sugar
One of the biggest problems with fast food is the amount of added sugar—and it’s not just in sodas or desserts. Even the average burger contains 5 to 10 grams or more of added sugar, about the same as a couple of cookies. Salad dressings, ketchup, dips, and BBQ sauces are also packed with added sugar. Your body gets all it needs from sugar naturally occurring in food so all this added sugar just means a lot of empty calories that can add inches to your waistline and contribute to diabetes, depression, and even an increase in suicidal behaviors.According to the American Heart Association, men shouldn’t eat more than 37.5 grams or 9 teaspoons of added sugar per day and women 25 grams or 6 teaspoons. While that may sound like a lot, the grams can quickly add up when you’re dining at a fast food restaurant:
- A 12-ounce soda contains up to 40g of added sugar; a 64-ounce soda about 200g of sugar, or more than 5 days’ worth.
- A medium shake contains about 45g of added sugar.
- McDonald's Hotcakes and Sausage contains 46g of sugar.
- A large side of coleslaw at Popeye’s contains 45g of sugar.
- Wendy’s Apple Pecan Chicken salad contains 40g of sugar.
Tips for making healthier fast food choices
Making healthier fast food choices is easier if you plan ahead by checking the nutritional guides that most chains post on their websites. But if you don’t have the chance to prepare, you can still make smarter choices by following a few common sense guidelines.Healthier fast food ordering guidelines
- Keep your eye on portion size. Many fast food meals deliver enough food for several meals in the guise of a single serving. Avoid supersized and value-sized items, and go for the smallest size when it comes to sandwiches, burgers, and sides. You can also find more reasonable portions on the children’s menu.
- Focus on grilled or roasted meats. Avoid fried and breaded items, such as crispy chicken sandwiches and breaded fish fillets or processed meats such as sausage, bacon, hot dogs, or ham. Choose turkey, chicken breast, or roast beef instead.
- Pay attention to the descriptions on the menu. Dishes labeled deep-fried, pan-fried, basted, batter-dipped, breaded, creamy, crispy, scalloped, or au gratin are usually high in calories, unhealthy fats, and sodium. Same with items in Alfredo or cream sauce.
- Don’t be afraid to special order. Many menu items can be made healthier with a few tweaks and substitutions. For example, you can ask to hold the sauce or dressing or serve it on the side. Or you can request a wheat bun for your hamburger or whole-grain bread for your sandwich.
- Don't assume that healthy-sounding dishes are always your best option. For example, many fast food salads are a diet minefield, smothered in unhealthy dressing and fried toppings. This is where reading the nutrition facts before you order can make a huge difference.
Tips for keeping fast food calories under control
- Be careful when it comes to condiments and dressings. When choosing items, be aware of calorie- packed salad dressings, spreads, sauces, and sides. Mayonnaise- and oil-based sauces in particular add a lot of calories. Try holding the mayo and asking for mustard or a packet you can add yourself—controlling how much you put on your sandwich.
- Watch what you drink. Soda is a huge source of hidden sugar and calories. The average large soda packs around 300 calories and 19 spoonfuls of sugar. Shakes are even worse, with up to 800 calories and a staggering 120 grams (30 spoonfuls) of sugar. Switching to diet soda isn’t the answer, as the artificial sweetener it contains can trigger sugar cravings that contribute to weight gain. And don’t be fooled by lemonade and fruit drinks, which add calories and sugar without much in the way of nutrients. Order water or unsweetened tea or coffee instead.
- Be wise about sides. Watch menu items that come with one or more side dishes. Sides that can quickly send calories soaring include fries, chips, rice, noodles, onion rings, coleslaw, macaroni and cheese, biscuits, and mashed potatoes with gravy. Better bets are side salads with light dressing, baked potato (easy on the toppings), fresh fruit cups, corn on the cob, or apple slices.
- Pass on the French fries. Do you really need those fries? A sandwich or burger should be plenty filling on its own.
- Skip the bacon. It’s always tempting to add bacon to sandwiches and salads for extra flavor, but processed meat has very few nutrients and is high in fat and calories. Instead, try ordering extra pickles, onions, lettuce, tomatoes, or mustard to add flavor in a healthier way.
Healthier fast food menu options by type of chain
When it comes to fast food, you have a lot of options, from traditional burger and chicken joints to coffee and donut chains and Asian and Mexican food franchises. The menus at fast food restaurants tend to change often and there’s currently a shift in the industry with many chains trying to meet the increased demand for fresher, healthier fare. So it’s worth keeping an eye out for new menu options available at your favorite fast food outlets.Wherever you choose to eat, following commonsense nutrition guidelines goes a long way to make the healthiest choices, but you can also save yourself a lot of dietary grief with the following chain-specific tips.
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